Tugansky GOK will save Russia from Ukrainian "titanium dependence"

54

Recently, the Tugan mining and processing plant was opened in Siberia. It is worth noting that this event is extremely significant for our country, since the above-mentioned enterprise will not only have a direct impact on world aviation, but will also allow us to get rid of the Ukrainian “titanium dependence”.

Let's start with the fact that the Russian corporation VSMPO-AVISMA currently supplies about 450 companies, including the giants Boeing and Airbus, with titanium blanks and finished products. Thus, it is obvious that without Russian titanium, the global aviation industry will have a hard time.



In turn, it turned out that VSMPO-AVISMA itself is 95% dependent on foreign raw materials. In particular, most of the ilmenite concentrate (used to isolate titanium) came to us from Ukraine.

However, in this case we are not talking about the absence of Russia's own raw materials. We have more than enough. It’s just that since the times of the USSR, such a scheme has developed in which ore mining was carried out mainly in the Zhytomyr and Dnepropetrovsk regions of Ukraine, and Russian deposits were not developed.

Now, with the advent of Tugansky GOK, the problem of “dependence” on foreign suppliers will be partly resolved. At the same time, the enterprise will produce not only titanium, but also zirconium, as well as rutile-leucoxene concentrates.

The raw material base of the Tuganskoye deposit is able to ensure the workload of the mining and processing plant of the same name for about 80 years. And this is only the first sign.

The deposit in the Tambov region is large, but far from being the only one in our country. Consequently, other plants may soon appear in Russia, which is extremely timely in the face of increased sanctions pressure, which makes foreign raw materials less and less accessible to our companies.

54 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +3
    25 January 2022 09: 20
    Now, with the advent of the Tugansk GOK, the problem of “dependence” on foreign suppliers will be partly resolved.

    And what about dependence on foreign shareholders? And then Roshydro and Aluminum, they say, are completely dotted with foreign shareholders. And the profit goes just there. And this is the departure of the currency abroad.
    1. 0
      25 January 2022 09: 30
      A bill is being prepared. I hope that this year foreign shareholders will have a hard time. The dumping of shares by foreign residents is already beginning.
      1. -4
        25 January 2022 11: 39
        "Reset" is due to unfavorable forecasts regarding the value of these "papers" ...
        1. 0
          25 January 2022 13: 09
          when the first sanctions came because of the narrow-minded baboons, the ruins and foreign rats ran, the state bought back the shares that had fallen in price.
          1. -2
            25 January 2022 14: 45
            That's right, only you are confusing the habitat of the animals you listed because of which all the troubles in Russia are Kremlin pets.
            1. 0
              25 January 2022 21: 57
              let's put opanas nogozaderishchenko on the throne of the Kremlin and we'll zap everything? Do not compare different species.
              1. 0
                26 January 2022 13: 49
                If you are satisfied with the current realities, then what is it about?
        2. 0
          25 January 2022 14: 37
          Error. The reset is due to the preparation of legislation on the abolition of the results of the privatization of strategic enterprises. They can simply be confiscated.

          The Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) has developed amendments to the legislation that will clarify the procedure for the withdrawal of foreign investors' shares in strategic enterprises in favor of the state.

          https://rg.ru/2022/01/23/kak-popravki-fas-po-iziatiiu-akcij-skazhutsia-na-zarubezhnyh-investorah.html

          FAS explanations do not mislead anyone. WITHDRAWAL is not compensation. It's practically nationalization.
          1. -5
            25 January 2022 14: 49
            Before the change of the Russian regime, one should not expect anything useful for the country and citizens on the initiative from above.
            1. 0
              26 January 2022 10: 01
              before changing to which regime, to the western one or to the liberal Kudrinsky or immediately to Zyuganov
              in which country is the regime for citizens today, belgium, france, usa?
              1. -4
                26 January 2022 13: 44
                The emergency building is to be demolished. After this stage, construction options can also be discussed.
                1. +6
                  26 January 2022 13: 53
                  with whom to discuss, who will discuss?
                  you look like a crazy bully
                  not understanding that after your demolition, chaos and banditry will begin
                  what childish maximalism and idiocy
                  it's easier to take you down and move on
                  1. -3
                    26 January 2022 14: 23
                    Live in health, if everything suits you!
    2. -4
      25 January 2022 09: 44
      this dependence can turn into a trump card when everything is taken away from Western shareholders in response to the introduction of hellish sanctions against Russia)
      1. -3
        25 January 2022 11: 37
        Already passed: As the practice of the last couple of decades has shown, the extraction of assets and funds of legal entities and individuals of the Russian Federation located abroad, and directly on its territory, does not present any difficulty for the West. I don't remember any other examples...
        1. -2
          25 January 2022 13: 06
          if there were no reverse examples yet, this does not mean that they will not be in the future))) The assets of the West, according to conservative estimates, in Russia are about 350 billion dollars. Plus Russia's large corporate debt to the West. All this can play a role in the "hellish" actions against Russia - when Russia has nothing to lose - it can simply take everything here and refuse to pay the debt. I don’t think that more Russian assets will be arrested in the West than they keep their own here)))
          1. -2
            25 January 2022 14: 51
            According to the most conservative estimates, the amount of cash exported to the West from the Russian Federation alone is much more than 1 trillion. $
            1. -1
              25 January 2022 15: 24
              so she was taken out irrevocably - that is, the West cannot arrest her - she is already his))) You are confusing warm with soft. I write about the assets of Russia in the West and the assets of the West in Russia
              1. -3
                25 January 2022 17: 37
                1) It must be understood that those who “exported” were primarily those who have influence on decision-making at the state level in the Russian Federation, and the very fact that they prefer to store funds not in Russia, but on the territory of adversaries speaks for itself. It is on this hook - the threat of weaning what is earned by overwork and stored in the West - that the current Russian "masters of life" hang out.
                2) The value of real estate and profit-making assets of the Russian Federation abroad is calculated at no less than the amount of cash exported. In addition, under the risk of confiscation, in which case, are all floating facilities in foreign waters. There have already been precedents.
                1. 0
                  25 January 2022 17: 49
                  1. if someone is hanging on this hook, why doesn’t the West simply order them to give Crimea back to Ukraine, leave Syria, disarm, give up all nuclear weapons, drive gas for free, etc., etc.? These dreams about the fact that the West can order the Kremlin something due to the fact that all the children, wives, villas, yachts and loot of the Kremlin in the West are no longer relevant))) Why is the United States in general then negotiating if they can stupidly order everything from him on hook? No one has answered this question for me.
                  2. The value of real estate and profitable assets in the Russian Federation is the same as the value of real estate and profitable assets of the West in the Russian Federation. Is the West ready to lose it all?))) It's funny about the arrests of floating assets)))
                  For some reason, you decided that only the West has the opportunity to hit harder - but that time has passed. Russia also has enough funds
                  1. +2
                    26 January 2022 09: 35
                    That's right, when a Russian ship is arrested, the port of capture can be bombed like a pirate port. No more arrests!
                    1. +1
                      26 January 2022 10: 00
                      and there is no need to bomb - foreign ships will simply be arrested. In Iran, the British tried to arrest the ship, so what? Iran arrested in response and the British wiped themselves off - they let the Iranian ship go and they don’t do such things anymore. This is Iran, not Russia, which has more opportunities)))
                  2. -5
                    26 January 2022 14: 01
                    The West is 100% satisfied with the Russian regime, why should it kill the goose that lays the golden eggs?
                    The fact that the Russian "elite" prefers to keep their savings outside of their own country is the best evidence that their interests have nothing to do with Russia.
                    That is why we should not expect any tough actions from the West regarding the Russian regime. And the mutual mouse fuss around exaggerated problems is designed exclusively for the public.
          2. -1
            25 January 2022 17: 44
            Agree completely. Moreover, perhaps this is the reason why "hellish sanctions" have not yet been introduced. Everyone understands that expropriation will immediately follow the rupture.
        2. 0
          25 January 2022 14: 41
          Over the past 6 months, four large enterprises (strategic) have been nationalized. So there are such examples.

          Examples include the Solikamsk Magnesium Plant (SMZ), the Vladivostok Commercial Sea Port (VMTP), the Bronka port, as well as a number of enterprises in the real sector of the economy.

          In many cases, the mechanism looks like this. Competent state structures looked at the history of the privatization of enterprises.

          The results of privatization were declared illegal and the enterprises were nationalized.
        3. +2
          25 January 2022 17: 18
          The Bolsheviks staged a total nationalization. Quite an example. And it all started exactly the same - from the west. Nationalization was a response to the actions of the "partners" of that time. We need political will.
    3. 123
      0
      25 January 2022 11: 56
      And what about dependence on foreign shareholders? And then Roshydro and Aluminum, they say, are completely dotted with foreign shareholders. And the profit goes just there. And this is the departure of the currency abroad.

      What is the right way to solve your question? Foreign auctioneers, for example, have dug in at AvtoVAZ and in many other places. And locals dug trenches somewhere abroad. For example, they look askance at Gazprom storage facilities in Europe.
      1. -6
        25 January 2022 12: 44
        Without replacing the entire system - no options.
        1. 123
          0
          25 January 2022 12: 47
          Without replacing the entire system - no options.

          What do you mean by system?
          1. +3
            25 January 2022 14: 42
            In prison, two sit and talk:
            - Are you on a political or criminal article?
            - Politically. I am a plumber. They called in the city committee. I looked around and said: "Here the whole system needs to be changed!"
            1. 123
              0
              26 January 2022 05: 21
              In prison, two sit and talk:
              - Are you on a political or criminal article?
              - Politically. I am a plumber. They called in the city committee. I looked around and said: "Here the whole system needs to be changed!"

              good Only here the city committee is not the whole system, just a structural cell. Let's just say that the "party" rules globally, on the entire planet. And the system seems to be going to be changed locally, in the northeastern part of Eurasia. Or did I misunderstand? And what are the motives? Redistribution of "shares" on a geographical basis? In my opinion, the goal and the means to achieve it decently differ in scope. If we "change the system" on a Russian scale, we take away a small share from visiting bourgeois waving a Mauser, we get a situation about a century ago. We do not recognize, we are not recognized, debts, property abroad, shares in companies, selected, divided, sued, negotiated. After all, "our" assets will also begin to be "redistributed". The scale of the shock is enormous, the consequences are probably not worth the result achieved.
              In my opinion, there are less radical ways to achieve the stated goal.
              It looks like the situation is being rolled back a couple of years, before the round-the-clock work of printing presses came into fashion. It looks like a new crisis is brewing, everything that has been flooded with money for the last 2 years is resurfacing again. All artificially grown capitalization is blown away. It's time to buy assets at a bargain price. Moreover, both within the country, increasing the influence and share of the state, and foreign ones.
              Why change the system now?
              1. 0
                26 January 2022 08: 44
                It is necessary to change the system for the simple reason that the old one no longer works. And it never worked, as the liberals sang to us.
                Revolution and upheavals are when the system is changed from below. China showed how to get 500 million people out of poverty without the horror stories you described. Fitting into the Western system has led to such losses (human and material) that they are comparable to war. If we do not change the system, then sooner or later we will be devoured.
                1. +1
                  26 January 2022 09: 42
                  There is another way to take profits - this is an increase in the tax on the export of currency and certain goods abroad. Then the share of foreign shareholders may either decrease or they will be forced to re-invest their income in the Russian economy. And there you can get citizenship of the Russian Federation.
                  1. +1
                    26 January 2022 10: 16
                    This is also being done. Perhaps not enough, but it is being done.
                    At the moment it seems to be 15%. This is very little. Let's say in the United States this tax reaches 40%.
                    1. 0
                      26 January 2022 10: 18
                      That is great! It is necessary in the State Duma to refer to this experience of the States. And let the liberals only vote against - they will immediately be shushed and accused of inconsistency.
                      1. 0
                        26 January 2022 10: 34
                        Since last year, the law on double taxation has been in force. More precisely, its changes

                        “Therefore, Russia has chosen to impose higher tax rates on all dividend and interest payments to persons registered in such suspicious jurisdictions, and regardless of the presence or absence of signs of tax evasion»

                        https://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/articles/2021/01/26/855547-minfin-dogovorilsya
                2. 123
                  0
                  26 January 2022 11: 35
                  It is necessary to change the system for the simple reason that the old one no longer works. And it never worked, as the liberals sang to us.

                  Do you offer to change it locally in one country or on the whole ball?

                  Revolution and upheavals are when the system is changed from below. China showed how to get 500 million people out of poverty without the horror stories you described.

                  Changing a system is always a shock; changing it from below or from above is not so important.
                  Does China have a different system? So you propose to rename the Edros or Zhirinovites to the Communist Party, or are there any other fundamental differences? We cannot get so much out of poverty in the Chinese way. The transfer of production to us is not so active, it is not necessary to expect investments, and even more so the transfer of technologies and the provision of a market for manufactured products. If it is supposed to rely on its own strength, then this is rather the ideology of the DPRK.

                  Fitting into the Western system has led to such losses (human and material) that they are comparable to war. If we do not change the system, then sooner or later we will be devoured.

                  So are we going to change this one or build our own new one?
                  ps If anything, I'm trying not to quarrel, I want to understand the motivation, the rationale for the need for an immediate "nix". Somehow everything is still vague, it is not clear what is meant by changing the system and what goals are declared. So far, apart from you, no one has explained anything worthwhile on the topic, I was hoping to pull out a few details from you. hi
                  1. 0
                    26 January 2022 12: 03
                    You can also change one country. This is quite achievable.
                    I am not a supporter of the immediate "nix". This is a revolution. I am for evolution. In China, it took over 20 years. But at least they were moving in the right direction.
                    For comparison. Why was production transferred to China? There was a salary of 20 dollars a month. Now there are more than 600. This is an average. God grant the same dynamics in any country.

                    The average salary in China in 2022 is 5995 yuan. Every year this figure increases by about 50-70 dollars..
                    1. 123
                      0
                      26 January 2022 13: 48
                      You can also change one country. This is quite achievable.
                      I am not a supporter of the immediate "nix". This is a revolution. I am for evolution. In China, it took over 20 years. But at least they were moving in the right direction.

                      That's just the point, I don't understand why China is cited as an example. Considering that they have a different system is, in my opinion, a fair exaggeration. Probably the Scandinavians have more socialism. By 20 years of correct movement, you obviously understand economic growth. At what here other system to me is not clear.

                      For comparison. Why was production transferred to China? There was a salary of 20 dollars a month. Now there are more than 600. This is an average. God grant the same dynamics in any country.

                      We usually offer to copy the Chinese experience not completely, skip 20 years and immediately start with wage growth laughing
                      We will not be able to build a Chinese experience for several reasons.
                      The point is not only low wages, there is an excess of labor force ready to work for it, partly at the expense of the majority of the rural population (we just don’t have that much). Urbanization is in full swing there, this resource is depleted, by the way, population growth as a whole is declining and is practically no different from Europe.

                      In addition to the labor force, energy is important. There is a lot of cheap coal there and they do not hesitate to burn it in huge volumes, not paying attention to such trifles as smog over Beijing. By the way, things are better in our energy sector and soon this will give a result. Energy-intensive production will partially migrate from Europe to us.
                      But this alone is not enough. The world looked a little different 20 years ago. Citizens from overseas thought that they had the whole world in their pocket and they could control the same China. They brought their production there and provided their sales market. The Chinese work, they print money and buy everything. China is still heavily tied to them. For Europe, the Chinese became the largest trading partner only 1-2 years ago. Without the "big deal" with the United States, nothing like this would have happened in China. The largest financial center, its own printing press, a bottomless solvent market and technology.
                      To try to repeat the Chinese path, for Russia, this means practically lying under the United States.
                      1. +1
                        26 January 2022 14: 07
                        You can't repeat the Chinese way. But some conclusions must be drawn.
                        China does not have a printing press. Like many resources.
                        The conversation was about whether it is possible to change the system? Can. The way Russia is moving is a game by Western rules. It did not lead to anything good and cannot lead to anything. I am not an economist, but I have read some books. The opening of the market, the conversion of the ruble, WTO rules - all this leads to the degradation of the country's industry and a drop in wages. And, as a result, to the impoverishment of the country and depopulation.
                        The only correct way is to withdraw from the WTO system, renounce foreign investment, restrictive duties, bilateral agreements with other countries. By and large, this is the isolation of the country from external factors. I am not calling for the "iron curtain" to be lowered. But restrictions need to be introduced and urgently needed. Only recently I see some steps in this direction.
                        The development of the country can only go in line with the creation of its own industry (even if it is inefficient at world prices), state regulation of production and a ban on private companies to conduct foreign economic activity. It is also necessary to close special offshore zones in Kaliningrad and the Far East. And a mandatory refusal to convert the ruble.
                        This is my opinion, not an economist. You can criticize or refute, but "practice is the criterion of truth." The practice of the last 30 years has shown that the path chosen then turned out to be erroneous.
                      2. 123
                        0
                        26 January 2022 15: 22
                        You can't repeat the Chinese way. But some conclusions must be drawn.
                        China does not have a printing press. Like many resources.

                        Some machine already exists. Nobody has all the resources. but that's just the side effect...

                        The conversation was about whether it is possible to change the system? Can. The way Russia is moving is a game by Western rules. It did not lead to anything good and cannot lead to anything. I am not an economist, but I have read some books. The opening of the market, the conversion of the ruble, WTO rules - all this leads to the degradation of the country's industry and a drop in wages. And, as a result, to the impoverishment of the country and depopulation.

                        China, which is cited as an example, has not played by Western rules all these years?
                        There is no open market as such, there are a lot of restrictions and there are more and more of them. Without conversion, the ruble becomes just a coupon for receiving something in a store, and only on our territory. How its conversion entails the degradation of the industry, I do not understand, in my opinion the relationship is not obvious.
                        The same with impoverishment and especially depopulation.

                        The only correct way is to withdraw from the WTO system, renounce foreign investment, restrictive duties, bilateral agreements with other countries. By and large, this is the isolation of the country from external factors. I am not calling for the "iron curtain" to be lowered. But restrictions need to be introduced and urgently needed. Only recently I see some steps in this direction.

                        Curious point of view. The WTO practically does not work anyway, leaving it is more of a formality that will change little. They use duties, various restrictions are introduced. you can see for yourself, there are "steps". Why extremes? What is the urgency? What can happen if they are not introduced in the morning? Is everything getting worse and worse? Why do we need isolation? The domestic market is not enough, we need imported technologies, raw materials and equipment. Bilateral trade is already building up, but it also depends on trading partners. To unilaterally announce that from Monday there will be this and that is not correct. Many of them are simply not ready for this.

                        The development of the country can only go in line with the creation of its own industry (even if it is inefficient at world prices), state regulation of production and a ban on private companies to conduct foreign economic activity.

                        Industrial production is growing, and "efficient at world prices." Why increase the production of non-competitive products? By the way, in this scenario, one cannot count on foreign markets. Why forbid private traders to work in the foreign market, I do not understand at all. Can I suggest this to the Chinese to try it out?

                        It is also necessary to close special offshore zones in Kaliningrad and the Far East. And a mandatory refusal to convert the ruble.

                        Cyprus, the Netherlands and so on are moving to offshore zones in Kaliningrad. And then take them and close them? And how can they be now? Just ban offshore and more taxes? Straight recipe Biden, he is trying to do the same. But how to transfer production to us? Why the refusal to convert is boring, I don’t understand the right, in my opinion, on the contrary, it is necessary to create a ruble zone and extend it to other countries.

                        This is my opinion, not an economist. You can criticize or refute, but "practice is the criterion of truth." The practice of the last 30 years has shown that the path chosen then turned out to be erroneous.

                        As I understand it, 30 years, meaning the rejection of socialism? Well, in the same China, it is at the level of a declaration, in fact capitalism is the same. Maybe there is an example who has been developing according to the proposed recipes for the last decades and has achieved success?
                      3. 0
                        26 January 2022 15: 49
                        I will not retell the basics.
                        I just want you to clarify one point. I'll tell you myself, but you will refute?

                        What is the meaning of offshore zones in Kaliningrad and the Far East? This is generally a crime on an especially large scale and a betrayal of the country. Medvedev promoted and approved this.
                        The meaning of going offshore is, as "effective managers" say, tax optimization. That is, we spend resources here, we sell to the West, we withdraw money there and do not pay taxes to our native country. That is, it really looks like tax evasion.
                        Medvedev created two offshore Russian zones where taxation is different from the Russian one. More liberal. That is, he told the firms, "withdraw money to a Russian offshore, pay less taxes to the Russian treasury, and then I will say no money - but you hold on."
                      4. 123
                        0
                        26 January 2022 19: 12
                        What is the meaning of offshore zones in Kaliningrad and the Far East? This is generally a crime on an especially large scale and a betrayal of the country.

                        The point is to re-register in them from foreign offshores, like the same Cyprus, the Netherlands, the Virgin Islands and so on. Otherwise, it is probably difficult to return the enterprise home. Of course, you can stupidly take away the enterprise, or rather the property, but according to the documents it is someone else's. In the future, these are lawsuits and the courts are not ours, the enterprises are not in Russian jurisdiction.
                        Returning a company from offshore is not easy, the Americans are trying to do the same, return the same Google from Ireland and impose taxes, but it does not work.
                        They pay less taxes, but from Cyprus they pay nothing at all.
                        In addition, large companies with state participation also use offshore companies. So it is more difficult to get them by "sanctions".
                      5. -1
                        26 January 2022 21: 41
                        Yes, they do not pay from Cyprus, and from Kaliningrad they pay less than if they were registered in Russia. Don't you think that this is theft on an especially large scale? Does the state lack the strength and ability to FORCE to pay to the native treasury? And if they pay less, then there will be no money in the budget.
                        Have you read about the amount of money withdrawn from the country? Last year, about $70 billion. Over the past 30 years, according to Bloomberg, 750 billion dollars, according to other sources, more than 1 trillion. How will the budget pay pensioners or officers' salaries? This is money stolen from the budget. There is no other interpretation and cannot be. And Medvedev says "steal further, but a little less."
                        For the sake of justice, "capital outflow" is not always negative for the economy, but on such a scale it is precisely destructive for the country.
                        Offshore companies were created to evade taxes. Their services are used not only by Russian companies. And Western ones too. I myself received a salary through some islands. Quite official, by the way, salary.
                        Instead of forcing RUSSIAN companies to pay taxes to the RUSSIAN treasury, they are being given some "liberal forms of taxation".
                      6. 123
                        0
                        27 January 2022 04: 35
                        Yes, they do not pay from Cyprus, and from Kaliningrad they pay less than if they were registered in Russia. Don't you think that this is theft on an especially large scale? Does the state lack the strength and ability to FORCE to pay to the native treasury? And if they pay less, then there will be no money in the budget.

                        "Theft on an especially large scale" is on a planetary scale. "Forcing them to pay into their own treasury" simply by banning offshore companies and imposing taxes means simply dispersing them. If you offer conditions for the work of the company that are obviously unfavorable compared to your neighbors, no one will come to you. Let me remind you that the United States is pushing for an increase in taxation of companies and wants taxes to be paid in the country where they make a profit, but they do not do this unilaterally, and they have much more influence in this area than Russia. In a single country, it will not work to press the company to the nail.
                        I'm not saying that offshore is good, there is a lot of crime (example at the link), but doing what you suggest in a single country is not the best solution. And yes, the budget is in surplus, it’s rather a problem with the ability to spend it correctly.
                        https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/
          2. -1
            25 January 2022 14: 52
            You thought right.
            1. +1
              25 January 2022 17: 20
              Were there few revolutions? Well, well ... Maybe you also know what needs to be built instead? In detail...
              1. -2
                25 January 2022 17: 24
                What is the point of discussing this issue with you if everything in Russia suits you?
                1. +5
                  25 January 2022 17: 40
                  I really like a lot in the country. There are things that do not suit and that can be corrected. For example, to remove garbage on the street near the house. I'm cleaning. There are things that I can't do. In this case, I'm looking for a way to influence the situation. And to discuss ... What's the point? Will it change anything besides pressure and digestion?
    4. 0
      27 January 2022 15: 31
      A very valid question. The profit really goes THERE and not small, but the President of the Russian Federation laments that the currency is flowing abroad, to the delight of the Kudrins and the Chubais and the Nabiullins.
  2. -6
    25 January 2022 17: 21
    - Such a rather tedious controversy ...
    - And SP-2 - at least someone's ???
    - Or again - an advantage of 1% - and it counts ... counts ... counts ... and so on ...
  3. 0
    25 January 2022 23: 17
    Who will be the owner and receive dividends?
  4. 0
    26 January 2022 08: 47
    Uh ...
    and in pre-corona 2019 they wrote on VO that we are supplying titanium to Ukraine (like aluminum)
    Procurement examples were given.

    Something wrong ..
  5. 0
    28 January 2022 20: 35
    and this is after 8 years of hybrid war???