The appearance of helicopter carriers will radically change Russia's capabilities at sea

August 30 2021 37

On September 15, 2014, the Vladivostok UDC, built by the French company STX France by order of the Russian Navy at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in Saint-Nazaire (France), went to sea for sea trials with a Russian crew on board. And already on December 18 of the same year, due to difficulties with the transfer of the ship, the Russian crew on the training ship "Smolny" departed from Saint-Nazaire for their homeland. So ingloriously for us ended our epic with the "Mistrals".

Let me remind you for those who have forgotten: on June 7, 2011, during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, a contract worth € 1 billion 120 million was signed between Rosoboronexport and the French shipbuilding company DCNS. The contract provided for the supply of two Mistral-class UDC (universal amphibious assault ships). The first ship was named "Vladivostok", the second - "Sevastopol", France was supposed to transfer them to the Russian fleet in November 2014 and October 2015, respectively. However, this did not happen for reasons beyond our control. The United States intervened in the matter and blocked the deal, pushing its decision through the gutta-percha Hollande (if anyone has forgotten, this figure was then working as President of France). As a result, France fell under penalties, a loss of business reputation (such an incident happened for the first time in its history!), And we were left without two ships that would be very useful to us in 2015 in Syria (but then we did not even think about Syria yet ).

The UDC were built in a reinforced ice class for operation in northern latitudes, including in difficult ice conditions, and were to be assigned to the Pacific Fleet, but the Americans did their job and we were left without ships. The maximum that we managed was to take the technical documentation from the French for the manufacture of UDC (up to the secret, it included three key Technology, including large-block construction of helicopter carriers and waterproof protection from Admiralte; ski) and money in the amount of € 949,8 million, as well as Russian equipment dismantled from the UDC, which was supposed to be installed there under the contract, after which in 2016 we began to develop technical documentation for the construction of these ships already on their own at their own production facilities.

The result of this work was the laying on July 20, 2020 at the Kerch shipyard "Zaliv" of two UDC project 23900 "Ivan Rogov" (serial number 01901) and "Mitrofan Moskalenko" (serial number 01902) with the planned delivery date to the Customer in 2028-29, respectively ... The lead designer was the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (ZPKB), which, like the plant, is a subdivision of the Ak Bars Kazan holding. The total cost of the contract concluded between the Contractor and the RF Ministry of Defense was listed in the region of 100 billion rubles. (for both ships), which significantly exceeded the Mistrals' estimates. Such a big difference was explained by the fact that the ships planned for construction significantly surpassed their French counterparts in displacement, width, height, draft, functionality, habitability, transport and landing capabilities, the composition of the landing craft and the quality of the air group.

In the course of the design, not only the displacement of the ship significantly increased (almost doubled - from 21,3 thousand tons to 40 thousand tons), but all its tactical and technical characteristics also grew - the possibility of basing not only deck helicopters on it, but also temporary reception of ground-based combat, multipurpose or transport helicopters, their maintenance, embarkation / disembarkation of various contingents, up to the use of the ship as a headquarters (multifunctional control point) for commanding various groupings of troops (I draw your attention to this point!). At the same time, the standard armament was reduced to defensive - 2 "Pantsir-M" air defense systems. The area of application of the UDC is the entire World Ocean - from warm seas to northern latitudes, accompanied by icebreakers.

UDC building and equipment

According to the project, the hull of the icebreaker class will be made according to the block-modular principle, which provides for the simultaneous construction of its large elements with their subsequent connection, and the sides will not be armored. The ship will have: a navigating bridge; a separate equipped command and staff room; premises for the accommodation of the crew and troops; helicopter hangar; Technical buildings. UDC will be able to transport from 900 to 1000 marines; have on board 10-16 and even up to 20 helicopters, including UAVs for various purposes; the dock chamber can accommodate up to 4 landing craft. Watercraft for patrolling and operational disembarkation will be located on the starboard sponson and in the stern of the ship, if necessary, these places can be partially occupied for the placement of additional armored vehicles. In this case, the dispatch and reception of the landing force will be carried out either through the dock chamber or through the hatches in the sides with the help of floating craft, or from the helicopter deck on aircraft. UDC for this project will be able to serve in the Arctic zone.

Power point

In this case, the propellers are provided with propeller-driven steering columns using a single electric power system. As the main power plant, it is planned to use a combined diesel-gas turbine unit of the CODAG type of Rybinsk production, used for frigates of the Admiral's series of project 22350, consisting of two diesel-gas turbine units DGTA-M55R with a capacity of 32 hp, which includes a diesel engine 700D10 with a power of 49 h.p. (made by Kolomensky Zavod) and an M5200FR gas turbine with a capacity of 90 hp. (made by NPO Saturn), transmitting torque by means of two RO27500 gearboxes (made by PJSC Zvezda) and a local control system of NPO Aurora. Diesel 55D10 and gas turbines M49FR can work together or separately. Thus, two twin-shaft diesel-gas turbine units DGTA-M90R with a total capacity of 55 hp, rotating two shafts, will be able to provide the ship with a speed in the region of 65-400 knots, which is quite enough for warships of this class.

Performance characteristics of the product:

Displacement, tons: 40+
Length, m: 220,0
Width, m: 38,0
Draft, m: 8,0
Travel speed max., Knots: 22
Range, miles: 6
Swimming endurance, days: 60
Crew, prs: 320
Air wing, pcs: 16-20 (16 x Ka-52K, Ka-29, Ka-27, Ka-31 in various combinations, plus 4 x UAVs)
Landing, people: 900-1000
Military equipment, units: 75
Armament: SAM 2 x Pantsir-M
Landing boats, pcs: 4 (project 11770 "Serna" or project 02510 "BK-16").

For now, I am forced to put an end to this, I will tell you about the combat use of these ships and the difficulties we encountered in their design in subsequent articles.

To be continued.

Information

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Sergey Latyshev

-10

30 August 2021 09: 14

Everything is correct. Will change.
It will become much easier to drive blacks to the coast.
Bulanov

+4

30 August 2021 11: 26

Well, even in the Black Sea and Mediterranean, it can help well. But during a big war, all large watercraft are good targets, including aircraft carriers.
greenchelman

+1

30 August 2021 12: 40

According to the project, the hull of the icebreaker class will be made according to the block-modular principle, which provides for the simultaneous construction of its large elements with their subsequent connection, and the sides will not be armored.

- Explain what is written here?!?!?
1. Volkonsky
  
  -2
  
  30 August 2021 19: 17
  
  large-block construction: the ship's blocks are made separately, and then "stitched" into a single hull, which, like the upper deck, does not have a reservation, this speeds up the construction of the ship at times, what's not clear? technology stolen from the french
  1. greenchelman
    
    +1
    
    30 August 2021 20: 35
    
    I gave the whole proposal, not "large-block construction". It reminds me of verbiage and a mishmash that does not reflect anything. Icebreaker class - how is it? ICE! Icebreaking can only be the shape of the hull. And all in the same spirit in your proposal. That's why I paid attention.
    1. Volkonsky
      
      -3
      
      30 August 2021 21: 29
      
      here, I see, tovarisch understood everything and only poses as an idiot or very very literate
      
      I gave the whole proposal, not "large-block construction". It reminds me of verbiage and a mishmash that does not reflect anything. Icebreaker class - how is it? ICE! Icebreaking can only be the shape of the hull... And all in the same spirit in your proposal. That's why I paid attention.
      
      According to the project, icebreaker class hull will be executed on a block-modular basis.
      
      Find 10 differences with bold highlighted.
      1. greenchelman
        
        +3
        
        30 August 2021 22: 35
        
        here, I see, tovarisch understood everything and only poses as an idiot or very very literate
        
        Well, what can I answer. The author of the article has collected a set of phrases (horses, people are mixed in the article ..)))) and is trying to pass off this nonsense for clever thoughts. The type of ship and its shape are different types of ships. Ice class - speaks about protecting the ship from ice, and not about actively fighting them at low speeds. Icebreaking hull type is a shape (structure). The icebreaker must break the ice, and the helicopter carrier does not need to do this. Especially in the Mediterranean. These helicopter carriers are not being built for the Arctic, there is nowhere to display the flag, ignoramus and mediocrity.
        
        Volkonsky
        
        -3
        
        30 August 2021 23: 23
        
        I won't even comment here. The representative of the General Contractor said everything for me. What is the difference between the ice class of the hull steel and the icebreaking type of the hull itself, I have already answered below. Do you want to try it? To me - no!
        
        “Our two UDCs are much different from those projects that were previously planned on the basis of the French Mistrals. In particular, given that these ships will serve in the waters of not only warm seas, but also in the northern ones, the UDC will meet the requirements for operation in the Arctic zone. Together with the icebreaker, they will be able to operate in ice ", - said" Ak Bars CEO Renat Mistakhov "in an interview with TASS
        
        http://bastion-karpenko.ru/zpkb-zaliv-udk/ ВТС «БАСТИОН» A.V.Karpenko
  2. Ulysses
    
    +4
    
    30 August 2021 20: 56
    
    accelerates the construction of the ship at times, what's not clear? technology, stolen from the french
    
    Come on, the principle of block building of ships has been known since the time of the Third Reich.
    Submarines at the final stage of the war were built in sections at different factories and assembled into a single whole already at the shipyard.
    The French are far from being pioneers in this field.
    What technologies have been stolen there?
    1. Volkonsky
      
      -4
      
      30 August 2021 21: 35
      
      The UDC were built in a reinforced ice class for operation in northern latitudes, including in difficult ice conditions, and were to be assigned to the Pacific Fleet, but the Americans did their job and we were left without ships. The maximum that we managed was to take the technical documentation from the French for the manufacture of UDC (up to secret, it included three key technologies, including large-block construction of helicopter carriers and waterproof protection from Admiralte; ski)
      1. Ulysses
        
        0
        
        31 August 2021 20: 37
        
        Was it taken or stolen?
        Most likely they gave it themselves.
        
        Author, and what is this "waterproof protection from Admiralte"???
  3. Boa kaa
    
    +1
    
    30 August 2021 22: 13
    
    Quote: Volkonsky
    technology stolen from the french
    
    This is compensation for moral damage!
    Whales, so they generally do not disdain anything. And nothing, they do not complex ... And we on the "asses" (aft compartments) of the Mistrals have learned the large-tonnage cutoff assembly. Skill - nothing replaces! Therefore - so they need it !!! Let them say thank you for supporting their workers during the crisis.
    AHA.
    1. Volkonsky
      
      -1
      
      30 August 2021 22: 36
      
      “Corps are being formed on the future“ paratroopers ”. The work is carried out taking into account the experience gained in the construction of ships of the Mistral type, - said a source in the defense industry. At one time, Russia ordered two Mistral-class landing helicopter-carrying dock ships from France. The stern parts of these ships were built at the Baltic Shipyard. Then they were ferried to France for docking with the bows. France refused to transfer the built ships to Russia after the return of Crimea to the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.
      
      http://bastion-karpenko.ru/zpkb-zaliv-udk/ ВТС «БАСТИОН» A.V.Karpenko
dub0vitsky

+4

30 August 2021 17: 57

Significantly more expensive, not only because our helicopter carriers are larger. The main article of the rise in prices is that these ships are being built for the first time, and for this a lot of equipment, stands, rigging needs to be done, what is called auxiliary production, which the French already had. After all, this is not the first time they make this type and their production is already adapted.
dub0vitsky

+5

30 August 2021 18: 07

Quote: greenchelman
According to the project, the hull of the icebreaker class will be made according to the block-modular principle, which provides for the simultaneous construction of its large elements with their subsequent connection, and the sides will not be armored.

- Explain what is written here?!?!?

Isn't it clear? We learn to build ships in parts, in different places, at the same time, on the stocks of different factories, and, upon completion of the construction of the component parts, transport them by sea to the general assembly. Parallel operation makes it faster and cheaper. No intermediate storage costs. The slipways are freed up for new work, there is no downtime for super-expensive equipment. The ice class of the ship provides not only the shape of the hull, which is not very susceptible to mashing by ice, but also sufficient strength, laid down in the structure. You need to know that the armor is not the layer that is sealed and replaces the underwater part of the hull. It is hung separately, and, since it makes it much heavier, it was decided to abandon it. Our helicopter carriers will not fight in squadron formation. And the capabilities of anti-ship weapons are so great that armor will not have any value in stability and survivability.
1. Volkonsky
  
  -1
  
  30 August 2021 19: 28
  
  dunk shyong! the answer is exhaustive! I will only add that the icebreaking class provides for the use of special grades of steel, alloyed with elements that increase the strength and toughness of the metal without increasing its thickness (requirements: the metal must be strong according to Brinell and not brittle). Regarding the squadron, this is a mistake, since the UDC itself is defenseless both from the air and from the sea, it can only fight as part of the order of escort ships that provide its air defense and anti-aircraft defense
  1. Leon68
    
    +3
    
    30 August 2021 20: 11
    
    Quote: Volkonsky
    then he can only fight as part of of the Order escort ships, providing its air defense and anti-aircraft defense
    
    Maybe orders, not orders?
    1. Volkonsky
      
      0
      
      30 August 2021 20: 12
      
      ochipatka! you got it right!
  2. Ulysses
    
    0
    
    30 August 2021 20: 38
    
    Regarding the squadron, here is an error, since The UDC itself is defenseless both from the air and from the sea, then it can only fight as part of the order of escort ships that provide its air defense and anti-aircraft defense protection
    
    The author, what for us this "miracle Yudo" icebreaker class, if no icebreaker class warrant for him ??
    
    You yourself have unwittingly given an assessment of the combat effectiveness of this wunderwafele in the polar latitudes.
    1. Volkonsky
      
      -2
      
      30 August 2021 21: 38
      
      Do we have icebreakers? so they will ensure the advancement of the free water order
      1. Ulysses
        
        -2
        
        31 August 2021 20: 41
        
        Tell us about the air defense, anti-aircraft defense of our icebreakers ..
        Our icebreakers can only heroically sink along with this UDC ..
        
        PS Do not mold further nonsense ..
        
        Volkonsky
        
        +1
        
        31 August 2021 20: 57
        
        “Our two UDCs are much different from those projects that were previously planned on the basis of the French Mistrals. In particular, given that these ships will serve in the waters of not only the warm seas, but also the northern ones, the UDC will meet the requirements operation in the arctic zone. Together with an icebreaker, they will be able to operate in ice", - Renat Mistakhov, general director of Ak Bars, said in an interview with TASS.
        
        I am quoting the General Contractor again. For those who are especially gifted, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with the staff of the Federation Council. It is not surprising that none of our enemies in the Polar region seem to have a nose.
  3. Boa kaa
    
    +1
    
    30 August 2021 22: 30
    
    Quote: Volkonsky
    The UDC itself is defenseless both from the air and from the sea, then it can only fight as part of the order of escort ships that provide its air defense and anti-aircraft defense
    
    Vladimir, you are right, but only partially.
    The fact is that the UDC is an aircraft carrier, in essence, a ship. AMA showed how it can be used with VTOL aircraft. We have an analogue of the F-35V on the way, so it's not a fact that the 23900 cannot be used for the local air defense of the OBK. And if its 16 turntables are replaced with PLO helicopters, then it is quite possible to conduct an anti-submarine search operation in a remote area of the sea. And the Soviet Navy had such an experience in its time ("Kiev" in the Mediterranean caught an imported SSBN with the help of the Ka-27PL).
    So, UDC can do a lot. It only needs to be used correctly, and not driven like a TDK in the Syrian Express.
    1. Volkonsky
      
      +1
      
      30 August 2021 23: 18
      
      there will be two more articles on this topic, everything did not fit right away, they will be published tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. There, in passing, and about the PLO function
      
      In addition to 16 helicopters, the new UDC will carry up to 4 reconnaissance and attack unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) S-70 "Okhotnik". This was reported to TASS by a source in the military-industrial complex on the sidelines of the Army-2020 International Military-Technical Forum. According to him, it is assumed that, operating with the UDC, the Hunters will carry out both strike missions and target designation tasks for the Zircon hypersonic missiles launched from other ships.
      
      The prototype of the newest helicopter for the Russian Navy "Lamprey" will be created and will take off in 2025, said Andrey Boginsky, general director of the Russian Helicopters holding, in an interview with RIA Novosti.
      “In five years we will be able to create the first flight prototype that will be ready to make the first hover. I would be careful to say that we will receive a prototype in 2025 or 2026. This is a large range of works that Russian Helicopters are doing in cooperation with other enterprises of Rostec, ”he said.
      
      Within the framework of the Army-2020 forum, the Russian Helicopters holding signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense for development work on the promising Minoga deck-based helicopter. In the future, it should replace the Ka-27 multipurpose shipborne helicopter. The helicopter is designed primarily for the detection, tracking and destruction of submarines. The dimensions of the helicopter will be tied to ship standards, and the vehicle itself will receive modules for installing weapons.
      
      The first Russian universal amphibious assault ships (UDC) under construction in Crimea can be equipped with unmanned attack helicopters of the Kronshtadt company, Sergey Bogatikov, general director of the Kronshtadt company, said in an interview with RIA Novosti on the eve of the Army-2021 forum.
      
      The company's plant in Dubna will produce unmanned helicopters developed by Strela, which was acquired by Kronstadt. As noted by Bogatikov, "they will also be able to carry weapons and perform strike functions."
      
      The head of Kronstadt added that if someday Russia will be engaged in aircraft carriers, then first of all it is necessary to focus on unmanned aircraft.
      
      The difference between the UDC of the project and other ships of a similar class is the integrated control center for unmanned aerial vehicles, which will allow the helicopter carrier to control UAVs launched from the shore or from other ships.
      
      By 2028, the completion of the construction of the lead ship, it is planned to form an aviation group. It will include combat and transport helicopters, a separate line of drones, including floating and underwater drones.
      
      “This will be a powerful upgrade to the fleet that will take its capabilities to the next level. Helicopter carriers will make it possible to conduct both military and landing operations and peacekeeping missions in any region of the world, ”military historian Dmitry Boltenkov believes.
      The head UDC of this series "Ivan Rogov" was laid down in July 2020, the foundation board was set by Russian President Vladimir Putin. He noted that the newest ships will be equipped with advanced weapons, control and long-distance communication systems. Such UDCs, the head of state emphasized, will significantly strengthen the combat potential of the entire Russian Navy and increase its strategic capabilities.
      
      Deputy Defense Minister Alexei Krivoruchko held a working meeting at the Vega pilot plant (a branch of the Zvezdochka CS, part of the USC). The meeting with representatives of industrial enterprises was devoted to the topic of completing the ships and vessels of the Navy under construction with modern propulsion systems. The meeting was attended by: General Director of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov, Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation Oleg Ryazantsev, as well as representatives of the Kolomna plant, Zelenodolsk PKB, Severny PKB, NPO Vint, the press service of USC reports.
      
      The main attention of the participants was focused on the issues of equipping the Project 23900 universal amphibious assault ships and Project 23130 medium tankers with propulsion complexes, the report says.
      
      The potential of the Zvezdochka Propulsion Systems Center, combining the powerful research and design base of the NPO Vint branch and the developed assembly and metal-working production facilities of the Vega plant and the head Zvyozdochka, allows to fully solve the issues of not only the current supply of domestic ships with modern propulsion systems, performing including the import-substituting function, but also to develop and introduce promising propulsion systems - low-noise adjustable pitch propellers, retractable and folding propeller-driven propellers, including those with various propeller configurations.
      
      The media published a photo of the mortgage board of the Ivan Rogov universal landing ship of project 23900 (serial number 01901), laid down on July 20, 2020 for the Russian Navy at Zaliv Shipyard LLC in Kerch, with a fairly detailed image of the ship's appearance, designed by Zelenodolskoye JSC design bureau "(ZPKB).
      It is noticeable that the image of the project 23900 on the mortgage board differs from the image of the ship on the stand demonstrated during the visit of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin on January 9, 2020 to the exposition dedicated to the prospects for the development of the Russian Navy, in the building of the Black Sea Higher Naval Order of the Red Stars of the School named after P.S. Nakhimov in Sevastopol.
      In particular, first of all, it is worth noting that in the final appearance the ship is depicted with propeller-driven rudders as propellers, similar to the French universal amphibious assault ship (UDC) Mistral. Thus, a single power plant was used on the project 23900 ship. In combination with the general architecture and the fact that the dimensions of the project 23900 ship are very close to those of the UDC Mistral, it can be concluded that the Mistral clearly acted as a model (which is reasonable) in the design of the 23900 ship.
      He also draws attention to the fact that a number of details of the image on the mortgage board look more rational in comparison with the common ZPKB before the ceremony of the bookmarking with the rendered image of the ship. In particular, the onboard sponson on the starboard side looks higher on the mortgage board than on the render (where it is actually at the waterline itself - although in any case, the open placement of boats on such a low sponson, and not the half-closed placement in the ship's hull, looks strange) , and there is also no "vpedyrenny" on the render directly to the bow of the flight deck combat module ZRPK "Pantsir-M".
2. greenchelman
  
  +1
  
  30 August 2021 20: 37
  
  Ice class .. already good. And then ICEBREAKER ... Ponder over the full sentence written above and you will understand what exactly I mean. The main thing is to read it carefully again.
  1. Ulysses
    
    +1
    
    30 August 2021 21: 07
    
    According to the project, the hull of the icebreaker class
    
    The housekeeper wrote the article.
    
    Sadly, the quality of "articles" across all resources is steadily declining.
    The authors for the most part have been driving the shaft for a long time, not delving into the essence of the issue.
    1. Volkonsky
      
      -2
      
      30 August 2021 22: 13
      
      The housekeeper wrote the article.
      
      here is the paper - write better! what, weak?
    2. silver169
      
      0
      
      31 August 2021 14: 19
      
      I also got the impression that the author of the article is a stupid person.
      1. Volkonsky
        
        +1
        
        31 August 2021 17: 49
        
        from this moment in more detail ?! a quote is desirable!
Boa kaa

+2

30 August 2021 22: 05

Well, at least something in essence. specifically, without water with numbers.
Thanks, author.
1. greenchelman
  
  +1
  
  30 August 2021 22: 41
  
  There is more prostration in this material. I have a feeling that the author got lost in the electromagnetic field and now he is still offended that few people have appreciated his talent.
dub0vitsky

+1

31 August 2021 00: 22

Quote: Volkonsky
large-block construction: the ship's blocks are made separately, and then "stitched" into a single hull, which, like the upper deck, does not have a reservation, this speeds up the construction of the ship at times, what's not clear? technology stolen from the french

You are in vain. We ordered, they designed and made. We paid for everything, including the project. Or did they do the project at their own expense? We, after all, did not buy a completely original edition of these helicopter carriers. There were our requirements, specifics. So that everything is a bunch. Do you know the terms of the contract? They do one, we do the second. Interesting. how can you do without documentation?
1. Volkonsky
  
  +1
  
  31 August 2021 03: 43
  
  the fact is that they returned us the money for the construction of the ships, but we no longer have the documentation, i.e. Did we get it completely free of charge, or, in other words, for free, andestend?
  Russia did not lose either. Firstly, she got the documentation for the construction of the UDC absolutely free, or rather, the Egyptians paid for it (the newspaper Le monde estimated the cost of the design documentation received by Moscow at no less than € 220 million). Secondly, the French paid for the training of crews and the construction of infrastructure for the UDC in the Far East - and this is neither more nor less, but € 56,8 million (this amount was paid by them on top of € 893 million returned directly for the ships themselves). And third, and most importantly, as a result of this combination, Russia managed to return Egypt to its zone of influence and military-technical cooperation. Indeed, in addition to the equipment dismantled from the UDC, and again returned by the Russian side to the ARE (since NATO was no longer mounted there), we agreed to supply the Egyptians with 50 Ka-52 and Ka-29/31 helicopters, 32 of which were previously intended for “ Mistral ". In addition, the Russian Federation held successful negotiations with the ARE on equipping these ships with Russian weapons systems, electronic warfare and communication systems, which were planned there as standard (all technological connectors were made by the French for them). And also, and this issue has already been resolved, Egypt will buy from Russia 8 Ka-52K Katran helicopters (deck modification of the Ka-52 Alligator, with folding blades). The total contract value for 50 helicopters is more than $ 1 billion. In my opinion, it's okay! Although victory and defeat tastefully.
  1. silver169
    
    -2
    
    31 August 2021 14: 24
    
    Volkonsky screwed up verbally and is now trying to justify himself. Late. Minus for "stolen ...".
JD1979

0

31 August 2021 09: 40

No need to continue! Have pity on the psyche and eyes of normal people!
1. The comment was deleted.
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dub0vitsky

0

31 August 2021 14: 11

Quote: Volkonsky
those. Did we get it completely free of charge, or, in other words, free of charge, andestend?

I think that the contract stipulated the case of a breakdown of the construction, and the return of the dough. Also, the return of Russian weapons and instrumentation (I don't know which one). But, behold, I would look into it and read about the return of documentation. Even if it does exist, how do we implement it and ensure that we scoundrels don't copy it before returning it? Well, since it is impossible to check, then there is no point in writing, it's just stupid. We are not the initiators of this mess, and let the loser cry.
Bitter

-1

31 August 2021 19: 58

The appearance of helicopter carriers will radically change Russia's capabilities at sea

May change, but not in this decade.
What is the general sense of "reviving" this influence, it was broken with such zeal for years, sold, distributed, drank, and now they offered the people to buy and conquer again.
Indicates the consistency and consistency of the actions of the greatest strategists,

... into tomorrow, not everyone can watch. Rather, not only everyone can watch, not everyone can do it.