Europe has fallen into the binary "gas trap" of Russia

23

On August 24, Ukraine is preparing to celebrate the 30th anniversary of its Independence. Zelensky has planned for this occasion the Great Parade of Ukrainian military weakness, and also convenes all political dwarfs and limitrophes together to adopt another meaningless Resolution that they are extremely concerned about the behavior of the saber-toothed Putin and will never put up with the Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula (44 dwarfs have already agreed to come, led by the US Secretary of Energy, who at the last moment replaced the openly gay Minister of Transport, whom Biden planned to send there initially, which would be an excellent occasion for jokes and mockery about where the White House sees Ukraine).

Gazprom also really wanted to congratulate the non-brothers on this holiday, having reported on the completion of the construction of the SP-2, but, alas, it did not work out. TUB "Fortuna" remains to be laid along the "A" branch for another 15 km, and the Baltic is storming. But there is no doubt that by the date of elections to the German Bundestag, by September 26, "Fortuna" will be in time (considering the speed of its laying at 1,21 km / day), and Gazprom will definitely not let its beloved Frau Merkel down.



Nevertheless, the mere announcement by Gazprom on August 19 of its plans to pump 2 billion cubic meters of gas through Nord Stream-5,6 by the end of the year brought down all gas exchanges in Europe at once. So, for example, at the largest Dutch hub TTF, prices for blue fuel have fallen by 15% in the last two days alone - from their historical highs of 585 USD / thous. cubic meters up to $ 505 / thous. cubes. European gas traders no longer know which God to pray to, counting the days until the launch of SP-2, because only he is able to save them from the cold winter. The fact is that their underground storage facilities are now only 57% full (against 90% at the same time last year), which in quantitative terms is 30 billion cubic meters of gas less than a year ago. The figure is huge (it is comparable to the entire volume of all Ukrainian underground gas storage facilities).

It must be said that this year Europe is faced with a hitherto unknown phenomenon - the price of gas in the summer, when, according to the laws of the genre, it is necessary to pump it into underground gas storage facilities, preparing for winter, turned out to be higher than in winter. And in all recent months it has continued to grow, having crossed the $ 16 / thousand mark on August 585. cubes. There were several reasons for this, here both the drop in own gas production in the EU countries, and the planned repairs on the main gas pipelines, starting with all Norwegian ones and ending with all Russian ones, which include Turkish Stream, SP-1, and the Yamal-EU gas pipeline. "(Albeit just a week for each, but there was no more gas in Europe). The only one who did not take the planned repairs was the Ukrainian route (the non-brothers have a Teflon pipe - it does not need repair). But the vile Miller, despite the pleas of the Europeans, did not take advantage of this and did not increase the rates for pumping his aggressor gas through the non-brotherly GTS, without going beyond the 109 million cubic meters per day stipulated by the contract. Firstly, because it is a very expensive pleasure - each extra cubic meter of gas over the limit costs Gazprom 1,2 times more (and the Ukrainian tariff is already one of the highest in Europe), and secondly, because it has this account had completely different plans. As a result, prices for blue fuel in Europe hit their historic highs throughout the spring and summer. What happens always when demand exceeds supply, since no one has canceled the basic law of the market. Gas was physically not available, and mean Qataris and Americans, instead of coming to the aid of Europe, continued to drive their LNG to the premium markets of Southeast Asia, where the price was even higher. These friends would hang themselves for an extra cent, and in Asia the price was $ 50-70 higher for every thousand cubic meters. In terms of the total volume, this is tens and hundreds of millions of dollars. And what are you going to do to them? Capitalism in all its glory! Free market - have the right.

And then, after the abnormally cold and long winter, which ended in Europe only by mid-April, an equally abnormally hot summer came. The asphalt and people were melting from the heat, air conditioners were working at full load, where could they get electricity for them? That's right, only by burning gas (after all, the atom and coal are banned in Europe thanks to the beneficial environmental idiots led by Greta Thunberg). But there is no gas! It is not in the PGH either. Almost all of them were eaten during the last cold winter. And next winter, judging by the current abnormally hot summer, promises to be no less severe. I don’t know how our European “partners” are going to go through the winter period with such filling of UGS facilities? All hope is for SP-2! Sly Miller, looking at this, only rubs his hands. By limiting Europe in gas supplies, he is killing two birds with one stone. Firstly, losing in quantity, it wins in price, and already now does not know where to store the unexpectedly collapsed unplanned profit (after all, the price for this year was laid down in the Gazprom budget at the level of $ 171 / thousand cubic meters, and it has already exceeded mark of 500!). And secondly, it makes the launch of the SP-2 uncontested. In this state of affairs, Miller may have problems only with holes for orders - there is no longer room for new orders.

The scarcity crept up unnoticed


And then there was the accident at the Gazprom GPP in Novy Urengoy. If it was not there, then it would be worth inventing. The accident at the Urengoy plant for the preparation of condensate for transport occurred on August 5 at 01:18 Moscow time due to the depressurization of the equipment of the condensate deethanization unit (UDC-1). Gas began to fill the shop and soon exploded, which caused a fire, which was extinguished for about a day. Nobody was hurt as a result of the accident. The reason for the gas leak has not yet been established, and earlier than mid-September, as the head of Rosprirodnadzor said, it will not be established (and even then, these will be only preliminary results).

Help: Urengoysky GPP is part of the Urengoysky gas production complex, it receives gas condensate mixture from the Zapolyarnoye, Yamburgskoye and En-Yakhinskoye fields. Since condensate is produced together with gas, the shutdown of the plant led to the need to reduce or stop gas production in these fields. This resulted in a decrease in gas supplies for export via the Yamal-EU gas pipeline from 2,1 million to 1-1,5 million cubic meters / hour (the maximum drop was recorded at around 1 million cubic meters / hour). To fulfill export contracts, Gazprom began lifting gas from its own gas storage facilities in Europe. Against this background, gas prices in Europe naturally flew up.

In total, since the accident on August 5, the flow of gas along the Yamal-EU route has decreased by almost 3 times (or by 30 million cubic meters / day), which is approximately 6% of Gazprom's usual supplies to Europe (excluding Turkey). As a result, in order to fulfill its contractual obligations, Gazprom was forced to start withdrawing gas from its UGS facilities in Europe, primarily from Reden in Germany, Haidach in Austria and Bergermeer in the Netherlands. So, since August 5, only from "Reden" Gazprom raised about 15 million cubic meters / day, reducing the total stocks of the storage in a few days by 22%. This could not but alert European market participants, since they know that the gas injection season into the UGS facility ends in mid-October, after which gas withdrawal begins due to the onset of the heating season. And in addition to European UGS facilities, Gazprom also has a priority on filling Russian UGS facilities, the level of which must be brought to the design volume of 72,3 billion cubic meters (last year, 60,6 billion cubic meters of them were raised).

At the same time, the maximum volume of pumped into Russian UGS facilities may exceed 400 million cubic meters / day. And the accident at the Urengoyskoye gas processing plant led to a decrease in production at the giant Zapolyarnoye field, which is a key asset of Gazprom (with a design annual production volume of 130 billion cubic meters), and, along with the Bovanenkovskoye field, serves to cover demand peaks, and now, due to the accident, its productivity will be temporarily limited (since gas is produced together with condensate, and if there is nowhere to send condensate, then production must also be limited). Which will lead to the fact that Europe can meet winter with half-empty gas storage facilities. Which makes it completely dependent on the launch of the SP-2. At the same time, there is no reason to hope that the start of Russian gas supplies via the northern route will greatly lower the currently high exchange prices. The maximum they can go down to is the level of 460-480 USD / thous. cubic meters, since, as it became known, the damaged UDC-1 equipment at the Urengoy gas processing plant cannot be restored, and its replacement is impossible before the end of 2021, which will lead to a loss of natural gas production by 3,2 billion cubic meters at the end of the year. In this regard, Gazprom has already raised its forecast for the average export price of gas in Europe in 2021, raising it from $ 200 at the beginning of the year to $ 240 per thousand cubic meters under long-term export contracts concluded in the second half of this year.

I must say that 2021 is shaping up very successfully for Gazprom. The PJSC Board summed up the results of its first 7 months. During this period, the monopolist pumped 115 billion cubic meters of gas to Europe (including Turkey), which is 23% more than in the same period last year (remember, for a moment, that the maximum volume of gas pumped to the EU was reached in 2018 and 2019 when this figure fluctuated around 200 billion cubic meters - 200,8 and 198,97 billion cubic meters of gas, respectively). So this year Gazprom is on a record schedule and risks setting a record for its fuel sales to Europe. Sales growth on the southern route through the Turkish and Balkan streams is impressive - to Romania it grew by 318%, to Turkey by 204%, to Serbia by 118%. And from October 1, Hungary will also join them, for it turned out to be cheaper to receive blue fuel through Turkey than to pump it directly through Ukraine. You can imagine what tariffs for pumping gas from non-brothers, if the extra 2,5 thousand km seemed like flowers to the Hungarians. Although it is also a sin for non-brothers to complain, Gazprom pumped through their pipe in the first half of this year 22 billion cubic meters of gas (against the contract value of 40 billion a year), which is 9% more than the contractual amount. Neither Europeans nor non-brothers have anything to cover - 40 billion cubic meters of gas per year (or 109 million / day) are supposed to be covered under the contract - here you go, get it! Even with a surplus. What are the claims to Miller? And at the same time, at the auction for the reservation of transit capacities, Gazprom, with a blue eye, refuses to buy out reserve capacities from the Poles for the 4th quarter of this year and the next three quarters of 2022 of their wonderful Yamal-EU gas pipeline in the amount of 89 million cubic meters / day and Ukrainians for the 4th quarter of 2021 have their no less remarkable gas pipe, which is a matter of national pride, in the amount of 8,9 million cubic meters / day. That immediately kicked up the exchange futures, forcing them to jump over the $ 520 / thousand cubic mark (where they jumped and where they stopped, I have already said above). What will you do to Gazprom? Has the right - the free market and its holy of holies Third Energy Package! For what the gentlemen Europeans fought for, they ran into it.

Devilish plan of Gazprom. Uncle Miller's Binary Trap


With a sly sly, not washing, so by rolling Miller leads the EU to a cruel, but uncontested choice - without launching the SP-2 to its fullest, you, gentlemen Europeans, risk freezing this winter. Your storages are half-empty, you can't get enough of them to pump them now at a scrap price, great, we will pump them in real time from wheels in October through all existing gas pipelines, including, of course, SP-2. If you want to apply the rules of the Third Energy Package to it, leave one pipe without gas (supposedly for an alternative supplier, which does not exist in nature), if you please, only then don’t excuse me - you’ll freeze! And the winter will be, oh, how cold. Already in this hot summer it can be seen. After October 15, Gazprom will just free up additional capacities that are now going to pump its own UGS facilities, so it will fill SP-2 with them.

If the gas pipeline is not put into operation, then Europe may face very high gas prices in winter and the impossibility of promptly covering demand peaks, since reserves in UGS facilities will remain low. This is Uncle Miller's binary trap. If you do not want to freeze this winter, think with your head, and not with your back seat, like gentlemen Ukrainians. At the moment, Nord Stream 2 is subject to the EU Third Energy Package and cannot be loaded by more than half, unless the Nord Stream 2 AG project operator is certified as an independent operator. The application for certification was sent back in July, the entire process (if it is successful at all) can take up to 10 months. Based on the volume declared by Gazprom of 5,6 billion cubic meters, the company is counting so far only on one line of Nord Stream 2, through which it plans to pump 78 million cubic meters of gas per day. Whether this volume is enough to warm Europe and cover consumption peaks, we will see. But the EU itself is able to revise these norms and remove Nord Stream 2 AG from the Third Energy Package. The same little things as technical certification of the facility, testing it for tightness and filling the pipe with technical gas (which will take about 2 weeks), Gazprom takes over. The start of operation is scheduled for mid-October. So far, one thread "B". All distribution capacities are ready and waiting in the wings. Gazprom, taught by the bitter experience of SP-1, already with SP-2 formalized all the onshore extensions of the gas pipeline in Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria as part of a distribution system, not a transport system, thus removing them from the norms of the Third Energy Package. Now Uncle Miller is only waiting for Santa Claus or, as they say in the West, Santa Claus.
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  1. -7
    24 August 2021 08: 12
    The Russian authorities also need to take care of their country. With colossal reserves of natural gas, the population and industry in Siberia are still heated with wood and coal. The ecology suffers. To sell off the national wealth of present and future generations is blasphemy.
    1. +2
      24 August 2021 08: 59
      it remains to be hoped that all excess profits will be directed for these purposes too
    2. 123
      +5
      24 August 2021 09: 37
      The Russian authorities need to take care of their country as well. With colossal reserves of natural gas, the population and industry in Siberia are still heated with wood and coal. Ecology suffers.

      Sounds great good That's just probably not worth generalizing. Do you consider Siberia without exception on coal and wood? There are, of course, but not everywhere, I suppose, and this is found in the European part of the country. And there will probably never be gas everywhere, unless they start transporting LNG. For example, we have remote villages where you can get there by air (500 km in a straight line), by winter road, or by water. I have some doubts about the economic feasibility of their gasification and probably the ecology during their construction will also suffer a little. Transferring the Kuzbass industry from coal to gas is also, in my opinion, a dubious business from an economic point of view. Coal is underfoot, but gas must be dragged from afar, and even a pipe must be built. Probably there is another way. The Germans, for example, built a new coal-fired power plant last year. They say it's good and doesn't pollute anything.
      https://www.uniper.energy/de/datteln-4

      To sell off the national wealth of present and future generations is blasphemy.

      Sounds great good Does this mean that we cannot export raw materials? Is it possible to produce goods made from these raw materials? In fact, this is the same thing, we are selling the national wealth of future generations, simply at a higher price, with a greater surplus value. It turns out for a lot of money we are no longer so principled? Is it a matter of price? smile
      Should future generations also sacredly preserve national wealth for posterity, or will it be possible for them to use it? Probably solely to meet their own needs? Will they have problems with export too? Yes, I almost forgot, we have plenty of resources, but not everything. They even bring something from Africa and South America. Other countries should probably also think and act the same way?
      In general, I have nothing against, but I would like, so to speak, a deeper study of the concept laughing
      hi
      1. +1
        24 August 2021 12: 03
        And you will visit Krasnoyarsk, other cities and towns of the region, as well as Kuzbass and see what kind of ecology there is and what the population breathes there.
        1. 123
          +2
          24 August 2021 14: 27
          And you will visit Krasnoyarsk, other cities and towns of the region, as well as Kuzbass and see what kind of ecology there is and what the population breathes there.

          Yes, I was in Krasnoyarsk, somehow I could not get lost in the smog by touch. Nizhniy Tagil with multi-colored smoke impressed more. I won't tell you about Kuzbass, it didn't happen ...
          In general, I readily believe, but switching to natural gas is certainly not the only way to solve the problem. You’ll see what the Germans write about the new station. Probably a normal exhaust cleaning system is a good alternative.
      2. -2
        24 August 2021 16: 05
        Comrade 123, didn’t you think that future generations would find our reserves of coal, oil and gas unnecessary? Technological progress has not been canceled, and in the 22nd century, I think, they will drive and fly definitely not on gasoline and kerosene, but to heat houses definitely not with coal and wood. And why would they have our reserves? Strike the iron while it is hot and be glad that you have it, but the neighbor does not.
        1. 123
          +4
          24 August 2021 17: 02
          To be honest, I didn’t think so. Probably they will still be in demand, although perhaps on a smaller scale. Oil and gas for petrochemicals and coal for metallurgy will probably still be needed. I find it difficult to make a forecast on what they will fly and how to drown the forecast, I hope that they will still live in houses, and not in caves and they will not forget how to use fire.
  2. +3
    24 August 2021 10: 17
    We are, of course, "fortunate enough" to be happy for Comrade Miller's super-profits from his unplanned $ 500 / thousand. cubic meters instead of 171, but our "common property of Russia" raised the price tag at gas stations from 26-28 rubles / liter of gas (depending on the region) became 34-36 rubles / liter for ordinary users, representatives of the same public transport (city buses ) with the price of transportation they grab hold of their heads, on cargo Gazelles - the same garbage (hello to the cheerful enthusiasm of the average business of Russia !!!). At the same time, Gazprom very sadly broadcasts that they are trading in their country at a loss. At a loss, Karl !? A loss is a lost excess profit from foreign countries. Gentlemen "all-Russian", you are not drunk in the attack in the greyhound?
    Well, they will repair the pipelines, well, they will start pumping gas through the SP-2, well, the puppies will screech, well, the price in Europe will fall, and everything will return to the old price tags? Yeah, schazz !!!
    Comrade author, I think this nuance is also missing in your article with your enthusiastic regular mention of the capitalist laws of the market wink
    1. +3
      24 August 2021 16: 10
      In America, the price per gallon of gasoline also increased 1,3 times, for some reason I did not hear that the States stopped selling their LNG on this occasion. Inflation is a concomitant part of capitalism, nobody canceled it. Deflation was only under socialism, and even then not for all goods. Do you want to return to the USSR?
      1. +1
        24 August 2021 20: 07
        I want it, Volodya! If only the shelves were full!
        Gazprom dumped in St. Petersburg, as now a simple pensioner can eat in three gulps ... request
      2. 0
        25 August 2021 11: 22
        For example, I see a completely different story of today's international relations: There is one large international gangster group, milking the whole world, with America at its head and attached sixes. There are very conditional economic laws, according to which this "world" lives in relationships and which can magically be canceled when the "godfather" (very famous Jewish families, but for the sake of brevity we will call it a generalized US) is not profitable. The mechanisms are known to everyone, such as quotes, sanctions, etc. And here the smaller bandyugan group (although occupying the largest area of ​​all countries) slightly turned on the "boss" with a claim - the desire to milk its own territory, namely its sponsored spaces with useful fossils and patiently milked population. And puzzles of claims for the patriotism of an expensive government from all commentators (trolls do not count) to an understanding of the situation are taking shape! Investing in the power of the army to fight off the brothers of the overseas godfather, the sale of everything that is sold and the parallel lawlessness (pressing with the squeezing of the latter), a nightmare, as you wish, of your starving population.
        "Laws for loxov, for real boys - concepts", while at the slightest slack, scammers are not prohibited. That's the whole Gopnikov alignment of international and our internal relations. It was so in the world and it will always be so, all wars in the world are due to the possibility of robbery, when it becomes impossible to rob without war.
        In the early 2000s, one large foreign investor entered Russia to indulge in aluminum, recruited a local team of young talented economists, managers, lawyers, etc., all of them are "gold medalists" with very high honors diplomas and with little experience (really young people). All well-read for healthy economic - for the most unwilling! Well? After 2 years, this failed aluminum tycoon "burned to ashes" on this fertile market at that moment. And all why? Yes, because the boys know how it should work, and the nifuga does not work! Bandyukov's financial relations, even at the very top, have not been canceled. The story is real, with real names and locations.
        We have 44 and 223 FZs also made to optimize the creative processes of government agencies on trading floors.
        I hope you don’t need to tell how it actually works through the administrations of cities and regions in our country?
        PS I apologize for Gopnik's slang, I wrote for simplified brevity in the language of modern economic relations.
        1. +2
          25 August 2021 15: 26
          This is a typical case that happens when complex geopolitical processes are tried to be explained through clear courtyard schemes. I do not accuse you, comrade akarfoxhound, of primitivism, I just suggest reading this -
          https://proza.ru/2021/07/08/768
          There, too, everything is explained on the fingers. You are an obstinate comrade - you will figure it out
  3. -4
    24 August 2021 15: 47
    And, again, Europe has fallen into a weekly hurray-trap, and prices for gasoline and housing and communal services are growing here ...
    Sounds like a mockery for a long time
    1. AND
      +6
      24 August 2021 19: 45
      A mockery for the Russian Federation is you !!! I'm always not happy with everything, and only with Russian. Euro is a patriot from God.
    2. -1
      25 August 2021 05: 48
      Quote: Sergey Latyshev
      And, again, Europe has fallen into a weekly hurray-trap, and prices for gasoline and housing and communal services are growing here ...
      Sounds like a mockery for a long time

      Well, Europe and you need to be milked ... How are you better?
  4. +2
    24 August 2021 23: 34
    Well, if Putin appointed Biden as president of the United States, on purpose, that he would cut
    to a minimum of LNG supplies to Europe, which means Gazprom rules Europe.

    And Putin rules both the United States and Europe (along with China) and Gazprom.
    No wonder the Wolf - believed in Putin, - "Putin has plans ..."
  5. -1
    25 August 2021 05: 46
    Well, the "accident" in Urengoy was of course set up to reduce gas supplies and speed up the permit for Nord Stream 2. This is a no brainer ... And the Europeans, of course, "foolishly" with nuclear energy. Solar and wind energy is good, but it was necessary to develop it well, and not to sing "victorious reports", burying the nuclear power plant ... Now they will take a sip of gas "for three prices" ... Another time they will be smarter. But Gazprom is happy early. Europe's solar and wind energy program has not gone anywhere and will be implemented more and more quickly. In a couple of years, no matter how Gazprom had to wipe away its tears ... The peculiarity of the Europeans is that they fulfill their plans, and do not engage in nonsense. Therefore, alternative energy will definitely develop. And this is dangerous for Gazprom.
    1. 0
      27 August 2021 15: 56
      Solar and wind energy is good, but you also need to keep meat snacks in the house ...
  6. +1
    25 August 2021 18: 09
    All within the framework of the war with Gazprom. And wrong.
    Firstly, the bulk of Gazprom's supplies are under long-term contracts and the current spot prices will affect the contract prices in 6 months. At the same time, the greater contribution of the spot price to the formula is the demand of the Europeans themselves. In the meantime, contract deliveries are much cheaper than spot ones. But Naftogaz, according to Ukrainian laws, buys exactly at spot prices.
    Second, let's look at the contribution of LNG. The maximum supply of American LNG is 2019, when China abandoned it as part of a trade war. After the agreement with Trump, American LNG went to China. A significant portion of US LNG under long-term contracts belongs to firms in South Korea, India and Japan. The price of LNG in Asia is so much higher than in Europe that even LNG from the stocks of Spanish terminals went to Asia. And who increased LNG supplies to Europe? Russia.
    Thirdly, the volume of supplies from Algeria is decreasing. It has been shrinking for a long time. And then Denmark started repairing gas fields, with compensation from Norway. And in Norway, scheduled repairs with reduced supplies.
    Fourth, the weather increases with needs.
    As a result, it is not Gazprom, which fulfills the contracts, that is to blame for the gas shortage in the European Union. And the deficit was expected, predictable. All this hype was needed so that no one asked a question to Naftogaz, so he did not store gas while it was cheap.
    There are enough information resources in Europe with data. For starters https://www.energy-community.org/
    PS Unfortunately, the level of journalism is falling in all countries. Before writing, you need to get to know the subject in general terms. Laziness. Better to read other media. As a result, opinions are conveyed to consumers under the guise of facts. This applies not only to Gaza. COVID and the world situation in all media are reflected in a distorting mirror.
    1. 0
      25 August 2021 19: 17
      It must be said that this year Europe is faced with a hitherto unknown phenomenon - the price of gas in the summer, when, according to the laws of the genre, it is necessary to pump it into underground gas storage facilities, preparing for winter, turned out to be higher than in winter. And in all recent months it has continued to grow, having crossed the $ 16 / thousand mark on August 585. cubes. There were several reasons for this, here both the drop in own gas production in the EU countries, and the planned repairs on the main gas pipelines, starting with all Norwegian ones and ending with all Russian ones, which include Turkish Stream, SP-1, and the Yamal-EU gas pipeline. "(Albeit just a week for each, but there was no more gas in Europe). The only one who did not take the planned repairs was the Ukrainian route (the non-brothers have a Teflon pipe - it does not need repair). But the vile Miller, despite the pleas of the Europeans, did not take advantage of this and did not increase the rates for pumping his aggressor gas through the non-brotherly GTS, without going beyond the 109 million cubic meters per day stipulated by the contract. Firstly, because it is a very expensive pleasure - each extra cubic meter of gas over the limit costs Gazprom 1,2 times more (and the Ukrainian tariff is already one of the highest in Europe), and secondly, because it has this account had completely different plans. As a result, prices for blue fuel in Europe hit their historic highs throughout the spring and summer. What happens always when demand exceeds supply, since no one has canceled the basic law of the market. Gas was physically not available, and mean Qataris and Americans, instead of coming to the aid of Europe, continued to drive their LNG to the premium markets of Southeast Asia, where the price was even higher. These friends would hang themselves for an extra cent, and in Asia the price was $ 50-70 higher for every thousand cubic meters. In terms of the total volume, this is tens and hundreds of millions of dollars. And what are you going to do to them? Capitalism in all its glory! Free market - have the right.

      Do not understand the claims ?! Read the quote from the text above, and then compare with what you yourself wrote. I also wrote about the weather that influences the formation of the spot price even in summer. Everyone understands that the exchange price does not affect the contract price. This is exactly the difference between long-term contracts and gas purchases on a swap. I have already written about American LNG and who owns it. American LNG does not exist in nature, there is LNG produced on the American continent, and all of it is contracted. Algeria, with its 10 yards of gas, does not weather the European continent. Naftogaz with its problems does not interest us at all.
  7. 0
    26 August 2021 07: 24
    I would like to tell the author that a trap cannot be "binary". The word "binary" is synonymous with the word "binary", but not "double". Position can be binary, code can be binary. You are using the word in an unusual meaning. If you really want a catchy headline, you could write a "bifurcative trap", which is also not entirely true, but closer to the truth.
    1. +1
      26 August 2021 16: 50
      from what? Miller says - either you are taking SP-2 out of the norms of the Third Energy Package, or you are freezing in your dwellings. Either or something is a binary trap. Everything is in place, bifurcation is a breaking point, it has nothing to do with it
    2. 0
      27 August 2021 16: 13
      Gas can also be binary.

      Binarnoe weapons are a type of chemical weapon, the combat use of which is possible only after the reaction of relatively harmless (less dangerous during storage and transportation) components. The most common are binary chemical ammunition, in which toxic substances are synthesized from precursors stored separately from each other after a shot (discharge). When the basic components are mixed, a chemical reaction is triggered, which ends with the synthesis of a combat agent.